A parent is not liable for the torts of a minor child, except:

“(1) Where the relationship of master and servant exists and the child is acting within the scope of his authority accorded by the parent;

(2) where a parent is negligent in intrusting to the child an instrument which, because of its nature, use, and purpose, is so dangerous as to constitute, in the hands of the child, an unreasonable risk to others;

(3) where a parent is negligent in intrusting to the child an instrumentality which, though not necessarily a dangerous thing of itself, is likely to be put to a dangerous use because of the known propensities of the child;

(4) where the parent’s negligence consists entirely of his failure reasonably to restrain the child from vicious conduct imperilling others, when the parent has knowledge of the child’s propensity toward such conduct; and

(5) where the parent participates in the child’s tortious act by consenting to it or by ratifying it later and accepting the fruits.”

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